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Precautionary principle and its role in social work
RÁZKOVÁ, Daniela
The bachelor thesis deals with the precautionary principle and tries to find a field of its possible application in the social domain, concretely in the organization Polovina nebe. The author is aware that the precautionary principle is a debated and controversial ethical principle that has its supporters and opponents, whose reservations are expressed. In the introductory part the author deals with the origin of the term and the beginnings of the application of the precautionary principle in the environmental field and its anchoring in the area of law. The theoretical support of the thesis are scientific literary sources, especially from the work of the philosopher Hans Jonas. Furthermore, the author presents her own definition of the precautionary principle for the social area and its possible application to action in the non-profit organization Polovina nebe, which provides social services. It is based on empirical experience and a survey among clients of social services and suggests addressing shortcomings. It recommends regulating the precautionary principle by law for social services so that the principle is aimed at protecting the quality of life of individuals and life itself. It concludes that the precautionary principle undoubtedly has a significance in the field of social work, because the central and highest value of this principle is individual human life whose quality we must protect from harm. Since, often not only the quality of human life is at stake, but also life itself.
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The EACH Charter as an instrument of bolstering and protection of ethical aspects of paediatric hospitalization
Královec, Jiří ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The Charter of rights of children in hospital (the EACH Charter) is an international document authored by the European Association for Children in Hospital (EACH) in the eighties of the twentieth century. The Charter can be perceived as a response to the fact that a child's stay in hospital - and paediatric hospital as an institution - is strongly influenced and formed by economical, technological and administrative aspects prevailing over the ethical ones. The Charter highlights specific situations where the health care profession - by neglecting children's needs and ignoring and/or tolerating avoidable suffering - becomes unethical. The aim of my thesis is to scrutinize the ethical appeal of the EACH Charter and to explore the Charter's ethical implications for contemporary paediatric practice in the Czech Republic.
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Media ethics and discursus of moral values in movie
Cút, Dušan ; Mucha, Ivan (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
Thesis is focused on media ethics and concentrate on moral values in film. The goal of thesis is to confirm or to disprove the need of applied ethics in film production. Thesis is divided into three parts. First part is focused on media ethics in film in general. Second part advise about several media theories and film in relation to ethics. Thirt part is dedicated to film semiothics and values. The core of theses is created of several aspect of film such as film editing, language and meaning through out film acting, sounds and costume. We do not emphasise good or bad impact on film on moral values but we bring out significance of value creation process. We underline film creation itself and tools of film production. The structure of thesis is interdisciplinary. I tis verz sensitive connection of ethics knowledge, media and semiothics. Interdisciplinar view brings toghether known facts and new approach. Key words: applied ethics, media ethics, film theory, film semiothics, moral values
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Moral responsibility and its Philosophical and Speculative-Theological Background in the Work of Hans Jonas. Critical Analysis and Reflection.
ŠIMEK, Vojtěch
The aim of the thesis is to systematically present, analyse and critically reflect Hans Jonas's (1903-1993) conception of moral responsibility with respect to his axiological ontology, anthropology, speculative theology and conception of modern technology with account of the most important topically relevant German secondary sources, including the latest ones. The first chapter maps the relevant Czech and Slovak secondary sources, whereby it evaluates to what extent Jonas's ethics of responsibility represented a general or applied approach, whether it was only an ethics of survival and whether in this context Jonas's thinking can be labelled anthropocentric. The second chapter offers insight primarily into Jonas's ethical thought in the chronological context of his life. The third chapter analyses Jonas's axiological ontology, anthropology, speculative theology and conception of modern technology. Against this philosophical and speculative-theological background the fourth chapter critically examines Jonas's conception of moral responsibility proper. The fifth chapter critically reflects on both the philosophical and speculative-theological background of Jonas's conceptions of responsibility and the conception itself. An excursus into applied ethics, which concludes the fifth chapter and the work as a whole, finally solves a topical ethical challenge in the sphere of assisted reproduction having to do with the categorical imperative of Jonas's responsibility for future generations. The main results of critical analysis and reflection: Jonas's ethics of responsibility is a supplementary applied conception, an ethics of survival, whose normative axiom commands the preservation (perpetuation) of the human capacity to responsibility. Jonas's thought is monistically anthropocentric. That follows from Jonas's integral monism, in which the difference between god and world, spirit and matter, reality and possibility is levelled out. These monistic confusions are more or less also projected into the ethical points of departure of Jonas's conception of responsibility, especially his specific axiological onto(theo)logy, in which the difference between ontology and axiology is levelled out. The main characteristic of Jonas's proper conception of responsibility consists in confusion (identification) of the object of responsibility with the instance of responsibility - from which at the level of theory of responsibility Jonas's specific two-place relationship of responsibility (subject - object=instance) follows. Although Jonas within his ethics of responsibility, in order to justify responsibility for future generations, broadened his specific two-place relationship to a three-place one, the author of this thesis finds none of the versions of Jonas's three-place relationship plausible - though the author agrees that an at least three-place conception of responsibility is necessary (instance - subject - object). However, for a more differentiated analysis of responsibility a five-place conception is suitable (normative standard - instance - subject - action - object affected by the action), with respect to the possibility of solving some of the problems of Jonas's responsibility for future generations a six-place conception (last instance - normative standard - instance - subject - action - object affected by the action).
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